Reviewed by Dr. Shane C. Eizember

In short, spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, placing pressure on nearby nerves and ofteReviewed by Dr. Shane C. Eizembern leading to pain, numbness, or difficulty with movement. At TSAOG, our orthopaedic back and neck surgery specialists are committed to helping patients understand their symptoms and explore the most effective treatment options. In this guide, we’ll walk through the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and when to seek care for spinal stenosis.

Spinal stenosis most commonly affects the lower back and neck, though symptoms can vary depending on the site of narrowing. In some cases, symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time, making it difficult to recognize when to seek care. Understanding how spinal stenosis develops and what it feels like can help patients take the right next steps.

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What Is Spinal Stenosis And How Does It Affect Your Spine?

Spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal or the spaces where nerves exit the spine. This narrowing reduces the room available for the spinal cord and nerve roots, which can lead to irritation or compression.

As pressure builds, nerves may not function properly, resulting in symptoms that extend beyond the spine itself. In the lower back, this often affects the legs and walking ability. In the neck, symptoms may involve the shoulders, arms, or hands. The location of the narrowing plays a key role in how symptoms appear and progress.

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What Causes Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal stenosis is most often related to age-related changes in the spine. Over time, discs can lose height, joints can become arthritic, and ligaments may thicken, all of which can reduce the space within the spinal canal.

Degenerative conditions are the most common cause, but other factors can also contribute. Herniated discs, bone spurs, and thickened ligaments can all contribute to narrowing. In some cases, spinal alignment issues or prior injuries may accelerate these changes.

As outlined by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, these structural changes can gradually reduce the space around the spinal cord and nerves, leading to the symptoms of spinal stenosis.

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What Are The Symptoms Of Spinal Stenosis?

Symptoms of spinal stenosis often develop gradually and may worsen over time. Because nerves are involved, symptoms can extend beyond the spine and affect other areas of the body.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms and may be felt in the lower back or neck. In many cases, it is accompanied by numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation that travels into the arms or legs.

Some patients experience weakness or difficulty with coordination, particularly when standing or walking for extended periods. In lumbar spinal stenosis, symptoms may improve when sitting or leaning forward, which temporarily relieves pressure on the nerves.

In more advanced cases, walking distances may become limited by leg discomfort or fatigue. These changes can affect daily activities and overall mobility.

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How Is Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a thorough evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and physical movement. Physicians assess strength, sensation, and reflexes to determine whether nerve involvement is present.

Imaging studies are often used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the exact location of narrowing. MRI scans are commonly used because they provide detailed views of soft tissues, including discs and nerves. X-rays or CT scans may also be used to evaluate bone structures and alignment.

Accurate diagnosis helps distinguish spinal stenosis from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, ensuring that treatment is directed at the true source of the problem.

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How To Treat Spinal Stenosis: Nonsurgical Care, Injections, And Surgery Options

Treatment for spinal stenosis depends on the severity of symptoms and how much they affect daily life. In many cases, care begins with conservative approaches to reduce pain and improve function.

Nonsurgical treatment may include activity modification, guided exercise, and care from specialists who focus on improving mobility and reducing strain on the spine. Some patients also benefit from working with providers who specialize in pain management, particularly when symptoms involve nerve irritation or inflammation.

When conservative care is insufficient, targeted injections may be used to reduce inflammation on affected nerves. These procedures are designed to provide relief while avoiding more invasive interventions.

If symptoms continue to progress or significantly limit quality of life, surgical treatment may be considered. Procedures focus on relieving pressure on the nerves by creating more space within the spinal canal. For some patients, this approach can provide lasting relief when other treatments have not been effective.

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Schedule A Spinal Stenosis Evaluation With TSAOG

If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to spinal stenosis, an evaluation can help determine the cause and guide the next steps in care. TSAOG’s specialists offer a full range of treatment options, from conservative care to advanced procedures, depending on each patient’s needs.

Understanding the source of your symptoms is the first step toward relief. Contact TSAOG to schedule an appointment and learn more about your treatment options.

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Resources:

• https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/spinal-stenosis
• https://www.brownhealth.org/be-well/spinal-stenosis-symptoms-and-treatment

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